Engineering notes

Writing for people who have to release a drawing

Practical notes on tolerances, process selection, materials, finishes and inspection - the questions that come up before a part is cut, written from production experience.

Latest

Handheld vs Robotic Laser Welding: Which One Should Your Shop Buy?

A buyer's guide to choosing between a handheld fiber laser welder and a robotic laser welding cell - where each pays off, what the decision turns on, and when a shop runs both.

2026-09-19 · Process choice · 10 min read

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Design & DFM

Tolerances, datums and geometry decisions that decide what a part costs.

See all 5 in Design & DFM.

2026-09-19

Designing Machined Parts for Tool Access

A feature a cutter cannot reach is a feature that costs money or cannot be made at all. How tool reach, pocket depth and radii decide the price of a part.

Design & DFM · 3 min
2026-09-19

Threaded Inserts: Assemblies That Survive Being Taken Apart

A thread cut directly into plastic or thin sheet will strip. Heat-set, moulded-in and press-in inserts, and how to choose the one the joint actually needs.

Design & DFM · 4 min
2026-09-18

Fastener and Fitting Selection for Machined Assemblies

Threads, inserts, clearance fits and standard versus custom fittings: how to specify the joints that hold a machined assembly together.

Design & DFM · 5 min
2026-09-11

A DFM Checklist to Run Before You Order Parts

Twelve checks that catch most manufacturability problems before they reach the machine shop.

Design & DFM · 8 min
2026-09-02

How to Set Machining Tolerances Without Overpaying

Set tolerances feature by feature so you only pay for the precision the part actually needs.

Design & DFM · 8 min
Process choice

Choosing between machining, moulding, EDM, welding and fabrication routes.

See all 11 in Process choice.

2026-09-19

Handheld vs Robotic Laser Welding: Which One Should Your Shop Buy?

A buyer's guide to choosing between a handheld fiber laser welder and a robotic laser welding cell - where each pays off, what the decision turns on, and when a shop runs both.

Process choice · 10 min
2026-09-19

CNC Machining vs 3D Printing vs Injection Molding: Which Process for Your Part?

CNC machining, 3D printing and injection molding each win at a different volume and geometry. How to pick the process that fits the part you actually have.

Process choice · 9 min
2026-09-19

Thread Production: Tapping, Thread Milling or Thread Rolling

Tapping, thread milling and thread rolling produce a thread three different ways. How the choice changes strength, tolerance, tool life and cost.

Process choice · 5 min
2026-09-19

CNC Machining or Casting? Choosing the Route for a Metal Part

Machining and casting trade tooling cost against per-part cost, and differ in tolerance, surface and material behaviour. How to pick the route for a metal part.

Process choice · 4 min
2026-09-19

Workholding and Fixturing: Holding a Part Without Distorting It

How a part is held decides whether it can be machined accurately. Fixture design, clamping force, datum choice, and the distortion that only appears after the clamps are released.

Process choice · 4 min
2026-09-19

Laser Cutting or Plasma Cutting? Choosing for Sheet Metal

Cut-edge quality, kerf, thickness window and cost per part decide between laser, plasma and waterjet. How to pick the process for a sheet metal part.

Process choice · 4 min
2026-09-19

Machining Thin-Walled Parts Without Them Moving

Thin walls deflect under the cutter, spring back after clamping and move again after heat treatment. Where the error comes from and how to design around it.

Process choice · 4 min
2026-09-19

Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction: Getting the Flat Pattern Right

The flat pattern is not the sum of the outside dimensions. How bend allowance, K-factor, bend deduction and springback decide whether a formed part fits.

Process choice · 5 min
2026-09-18

Planning a Robotic Laser Welding Cell: Throughput, Joint Access and Payback

A laser welding cell is a robot plus a positioner, source, enclosure and fixtures. Plan it around cycle time and access, not brochure power.

Process choice · 9 min
2026-09-07

Laser Welding for Sheet-Metal Assemblies

When laser welding beats TIG or spot welding on a sheet-metal assembly, and what to design for.

Process choice · 8 min
2026-09-04

CNC or Injection Moulding? Finding the Crossover

Volume, geometry and material decide whether machining or moulding is the better route for a plastic part.

Process choice · 7 min
Materials & finishes

Grades, surface finishes and how each one behaves after machining.

See all 4 in Materials & finishes.

2026-09-19

Heat Treatment and Hardness: What to Specify and When to Machine

Hardness numbers, heat-treatment sequence and distortion: what to put on the drawing, and why the order of machining and treatment decides the tolerance.

Materials & finishes · 4 min
2026-09-19

Choosing an Aluminium Alloy for Machined Parts

6061, 6082 and 7075 machine, anodise and distort differently. How to match the alloy and its temper to the part, the finish and the tolerance it needs.

Materials & finishes · 4 min
2026-09-15

Surface Finish Ra Values Explained

What Ra actually measures, which values are realistic from which process, and when a finish spec is wasted.

Materials & finishes · 8 min
2026-09-09

Choosing a Finish for Machined Hardware

Corrosion, wear, appearance and cost: how to pick a finish for machined metal components.

Materials & finishes · 8 min
Quality & inspection

Inspection, documentation and traceability for machined components.

See all 1 in Quality & inspection.

2026-09-16

First Article Inspection: What to Expect and Why It Pays

What an FAI actually verifies, what to send with it, and how to read the report when dimensions miss.

Quality & inspection · 7 min
Sourcing & lead time

Quoting, supplier selection and lead-time planning for machined parts.

See all 2 in Sourcing & lead time.

2026-09-19

From Prototype to Production: What Changes When a Machined Part Scales

The design that worked as a prototype is not automatically the design that ships. What changes at volume, and which decisions should be made before tooling.

Sourcing & lead time · 3 min
2026-09-14

How to Read a CNC Quote (and Compare Two of Them)

What a machining quote is actually telling you, and how to compare quotes that look different.

Sourcing & lead time · 7 min
New articles are added to this index, the category archive and the RSS feed at the same time. Every article links back to the process or material page it relates to, so the engineering detail sits next to the practical note.